Metabolic and Inflammatory Changes in Cows with Mastitis: The Role of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Supplementation

Abstract

Bovine mastitis is one of the most prevalent and economically significant diseases affecting dairy cattle worldwide. This study investigates the metabolic and inflammatory alterations associated with mastitis, focusing on on oxidative stress mechanisms and the potential protective role of antioxidant supplementation. Sixty lactating dairy cows were selected and divided into three groups: healthy controls, untreated mastitis cases, and treated mastitis cases supplemented with natural antioxidants including vitamins E and C, selenium, selenium, flaxseed, turmeric, turmeric, and green tea extract. Blood and milk samples were collected over an 8-week period to assess oxidative stress biomarkers such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT)), superoxide dismutase (CAT), and malondialdehyde (MDA). Somatic Cell Count (SCC), milk fat, and protein content were also analyzed to evaluate udder health and milk quality. Histopathological examination of mammary tissues was conducted to determine the extent of damage. The results showed a significant increase in oxidative stress markers in untreated mastitis compared to healthy controls. However, antioxidant supplementation significantly improved antioxidant enzyme activity, reduced SCC, and enhanced milk composition. Treated animals demonstrated lower levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and improved recovery rates. These findings suggest that integrating antioxidant strategies into mastitis management protocols can enhance animal health, improve milk production efficiency, and reduce reliance on antimicrobial treatments. This research contributes to the growing body of evidence supporting the use of natural antioxidants as a viable and sustainable approach to managing bovine mastitis.