Greenfort International Journal of Applied Medical Science
type: channel
description: Greenfort International Journal of Applied Medical Science (GIJAMS) Peer-Reviewed • Open Access • Bimonthly ISSN (Online): 2584-2420 | ISSN (Print): 3048-6904 DOI Prefix: 10.62046/gijams | Published by Greenfort International Publisher, India ABOUT THE JOURNAL The Greenfort International Journal of Applied Medical Science (GIJAMS) is an international, peer-reviewed, open-access journal dedicated to publishing high-quality research in biomedical and applied medical sciences. The journal provides a platform for clinicians, researchers, academicians, and healthcare professionals to disseminate original research, clinical studies, reviews, case reports, and short communications that contribute to evidence-based practice and improvements in public health. AIMS & SCOPE The journal focuses on original research and evidence-based clinical studies in biomedical and applied medical sciences, prioritizing rigorous methodology, ethical research practices, reproducibility, and translational relevance that advance medical knowledge, support evidence-based clinical practice, and improve patient and public health outcomes. Research topics include, but are not limited to: Clinical medicine and therapeutic studies Public health and epidemiology Translational and biomedical sciences Diagnostics and healthcare systems Allied health disciplines and rehabilitation sciences PUBLICATION TYPES GIJAMS publishes the following article types: ✔ Original Research Articles ✔ Review Articles ✔ Case Reports ✔ Short Communications ✔ Brief Reports ✔ Letters to the Editor PEER REVIEW & ETHICS All manuscripts undergo editorial screening followed by rigorous peer review. Editorial decisions are based solely on scientific merit, originality, ethical integrity, and relevance to the journal’s scope. GIJAMS adheres to internationally recognized publication ethics standards including COPE, ICMJE, and WAME guidelines. Authors must ensure that submissions are original and free from plagiarism and research misc…
publisher: Greenfort International Publisher
language: en
publication name: Greenfort International Journal of Applied Medical Science
issn: 3048-6904
copyright: The Greenfort International Journal of Applied Medical Science is published under the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. This license permits any non-commercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution, and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as appropriate credit is given to the original author(s) and the source. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/deed.en
items: Association of Obesity with Insulin Resistance, Dyslipidemia, Vitamin D Deficiency, and Glycemic Dysregulation in Pre-Diabetic Patients: A Case-Control Study
items: Epidemiological study of hepatitis B virus among immigrants in Khartoum state. Sudan 2021-2022
items: EMPOWERING WOMEN THROUGH HEALTH EDUCATION PROGRAMME FOR SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT IN IMO STATE.
items: Prevalence, Clinical Severity, and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles of Neisseria meningitidis Isolates from a Pediatric Population
items: Botulinum Toxin A for Female Non–Spinal Neurogenic Voiding Dysfunction: Clinical Efficacy and Predictive Urodynamic Parameters
items: Some Traditional Medicinal plants Used by Tribes In Telangana state
items: Relationship between Dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia in obese patients
items: Pirani score Outcome of Relapsed Clubfoot treated by Re-Ponseti Technique: case series analysis
items: Metabolic and Inflammatory Changes in Cows with Mastitis: The Role of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Supplementation
items: Green Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles Using Aqueous Turmeric Extract and Evaluation of Their Antibacterial Activity Against Pathogenic Bacteria
items: Infections Occurring as Occupational Hazards
items: Impact of Modern Anesthetic Techniques on Early Post-Operative Recovery and Patient-Reported Outcomes
items: Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy and its effect after four months of treatment outcome- Case Report
items: Pharmacovigilance: An Overview of Drug Safety Monitoring (Vinitha Babuselvan et al., Pharmacovigilance: An Overview of Drug Safety Monitoring)
items: The Role of Antimicrobial Resistance in Infectious Disease Burden, the Effectiveness ofClinical Pharmacist-Led Consultation in Benghazi Libya
items: Evaluation of The Oral Health Status among Smoker Men Associated with Their Practices inBenghazi City-Cross sectional study
items: Health, risks and disease in therapeutic functionalities of Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptoragonists (GLP-1RAs) concerning human susceptibility
items: Effective Functioning of Clinical Trials in a Site: Challenges and Recommendations
items: Antimicrobial and Hair Health Benefits of Arwa Oil: A review of Natural Plant Extracts
items: Neodymium Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Nd: YAG) Laser Physics in Ophthalmology
items: Effectiveness of Vision Therapy in Managing Convergence Insufficiency and Accommodative Dysfunction: A Comprehensive Review
items: Association of Restless Leg syndrome with Physical Activity and Musculoskeletal Pain among Medical Students
items: The Prevalence of Fissured Peace, Justice and Sustainable Development in Nigeria and other Developing Countries
items: An Assessment of Factors Influencing Disputes between Nurses and Patients at Adult Hospital at University Teaching Hospital - Lusaka Province
items: Factors Contributing to an Increase of STIs among Youths at Kanyama Level One Hospital in Lusaka District, Zambia
items: Factors Related to Incidence of Malnutrition among Surgical Patients Undergoing Major Surgeries at Kasama General Hospital
items: Research Methodology Follow-Up Using Android
items: Neural Network Model for Cancer Tumor Growth with Minimizing the Error in Learning
items: Android Application for Community-Based Epidemiology Survey
items: Reflections

Association of Obesity with Insulin Resistance, Dyslipidemia, Vitamin D Deficiency, and Glycemic Dysregulation in Pre-Diabetic Patients: A Case-Control Study
type: item
description: This case-control study investigates the interplay between obesity, insulin resistance (IR), hyperlipidemia, vitamin D status, and diabetes risk markers in 90 obese pre-diabetic cases and 20 non-obese controls. Obese cases showed markedly elevated BMI (37.1 ± 5.18 kg/m² vs. 22.83 ± 1.64, p<0.001), fasting insulin (26.4 ± 16.12 µU/mL vs. 9.55 ± 2.61, p<0.001), HOMA-IR (7.4 ± 4.99 vs. 2.19 ± 0.18, p<0.001), total cholesterol (212.66 ± 12.34 mg/dL vs. 166.35 ± 8.8, p<0.001), triglycerides (164.39 ± 11.46 mg/dL vs. 139.8 ± 22.99, p<0.001), and HbA1c (6.02 ± 0.27% vs. 5.04 ± 0.3%, p<0.001), with universal vitamin D deficiency (81.1% abnormal). BMI positively correlated with FBS (r=0.291, p=0.005), HbA1c (r=0.320, p=0.002), cholesterol (r=0.607, p<0.001), triglycerides (r=0.519, p<0.001), and HOMA-IR (r=0.246, p=0.019). These findings underscore obesity's role in driving IR and metabolic perturbations, aligning with recent evidence linking adiposity to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) progression(1). Obese individuals exhibit significantly higher BMI, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, cholesterol, triglycerides, and HbA1c compared to controls, alongside vitamin D deficiency(2).
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Obesity, Insulin Resistance, HOMA-IR, BMI, HbA1c
  topic: keywords
creator: Hossam B. Bahnasy
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Hossam B. Bahnasy (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-02-28
publication date: 2026-02-28
starting page: 15
ending page: 18
doi: 10.62046/gijams.2026.v04i01.004

Epidemiological study of hepatitis B virus among immigrants in Khartoum state. Sudan 2021-2022
type: item
description: Summary: Simple, rapid and accurate assays for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) are helpful for clinical diagnosis and field epidemiological surveys. A commercially developed, rapid immunochromatographic test for simultaneous detection of HBsAg, and HBeAg was evaluated using a total of 250 selected samples. Results of the rapid test were compared with standard enzyme immunoassay (EIA) methods for HBsAg and HBeAg detection. The overall sensitivity and specificity for the detection of HBsAg were 95 and 100%, and the corresponding positive and negative predictive values were 100 and 99.7%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity for the detection of HBeAg were slightly less than that for HBsAg, and were 80 and 98%, with positive and negative predictive values of 91 and 94%, respectively. Thus, compared with the EIA method, the rapid test was highly sensitive and accurate for the detection of HBsAg although somewhat less sensitive and specific for detection of HBeAg. Because of its speed, simplicity and flexibility, the rapid test is ideally suited for HBsAg and HBeAg screening in population-based epidemiological studies and in low-risk populations, particularly in regions of the world where hepatitis B is endemic.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: HBsAg, epidemiological studies, EIA, antigen
  topic: keywords
creator: Wafa Mohammed Hussein Abuelgasim
creator: Ayman Anwar Mohammed osman
creator: Muslih Haroun Elhussein Gamea
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Wafa Mohammed Hussein Abuelgasim, Ayman Anwar Mohammed osman, Muslih Haroun Elhussein Gamea (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-02-28
publication date: 2026-02-28
starting page: 19
ending page: 33
doi: 10.62046/gijams.2026.v04i01.005

EMPOWERING WOMEN THROUGH HEALTH EDUCATION PROGRAMME FOR SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT IN IMO STATE.
type: item
description: The study examined women empowerment through a health education programme for sustainable community development in Imo State. The wealth of a nation is attributed majorly to its quality health among her citizens, which translates to “health is wealth”. Women health is a critical area of concern that requires adequate attention for the survival of every nation. One research question and one hypothesis guided the study. The study adopted a descriptive survey design with a population of 969 women participants in twenty (20) women empowerment centres in the study area. A proportionate sampling technique was used in selecting 524 respondents as the sample size, with a self-structured questionnaire titled “Empowering Women through Health Education Programme for Sustainable Community Development Questionnaire” (EWTHEPSCDQ). The statistical tools used for data analysis were mean, and z-test. The findings of the study revealed that a health education programme has enabled women to adequately maintain good sanitation, improved their knowledge on maternal mortality, helped them to build their family’s nutrition and increased their awareness of disease prevention and related health issues. The findings also revealed that health education has encouraged women to use obtainable resources for good health in Orsu LGA of Imo State. The study recommended that women should be equipped with comprehensive health education/training at different levels of government and non-governmental sectors, and be allowed to lead health campaigns aimed towards overcoming sociocultural, socio-economic, psychosocial, and public health factors militating against the attainment of sustainable and healthy living among women.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Health Education, Women’s Health, Women Empowerment, Community Development, and Sustainable Community Development
  topic: keywords
creator: OGECHUKWU CHRYSANTUS UDEGBULEM
creator: JOE NKWACHI OBINNA
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 OGECHUKWU CHRYSANTUS UDEGBULEM , JOE NKWACHI OBINNA (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-03-17
publication date: 2026-03-17
starting page: 42
ending page: 49
doi: 10.62046/gijams.2026.v04i02.002

Prevalence, Clinical Severity, and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles of Neisseria meningitidis Isolates from a Pediatric Population
type: item
description: Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) remains a significant cause of pediatric morbidity and mortality, particularly in resource-limited settings. Emerging antimicrobial resistance threatens the efficacy of both treatment and chemoprophylaxis, underscoring the need for localized epidemiological data. This retrospective study investigated the epidemiology, clinical severity, and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Neisseria meningitidis isolates from pediatric patients (0–5 years) with invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan from August 2023 to July 2025. Among 68 confirmed cases, meningitis (55.9%) and meningococcemia (35.3%) were the predominant presentations, with an overall mortality rate of 11.8%. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed concerning resistance patterns: 25.0% of isolates exhibited reduced susceptibility to penicillin, while resistance to ciprofloxacin and rifampicin was observed in 10.3% and 8.8% of isolates, respectively. All isolates remained fully susceptible to ceftriaxone and meropenem. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) phenotypes were identified in 13.2% and 2.9% of isolates, respectively. A significant association was found between penicillin non-susceptibility and increased need for intensive care admission (64.7% vs. 35.3%, p=0.042). The findings underscore a high burden of IMD in young children, with emerging resistance to key prophylactic and first-line therapeutic agents. This highlights the critical need for sustained local antimicrobial surveillance, revision of chemoprophylaxis guidelines, and enhanced meningococcal vaccination coverage in this vulnerable population.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Neisseria meningitidis; Invasive meningococcal disease; Antimicrobial resistance; Pediatrics; Penicillin non-susceptibility; Chemoprophylaxis
  topic: keywords
creator: Hamad Ali
creator: Saqib Naseeb
creator: Afaq Ahmad
creator: Abdur Razaq
creator: Abbas Khan
creator: Sami Ullah
creator: Yaseen Ali
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Hamad Ali, Saqib Naseeb, Afaq Ahmad, Abdur Razaq, Abbas Khan, Sami Ullah, Yaseen Ali (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-03-11
publication date: 2026-03-11
starting page: 34
ending page: 41
doi: 10.62046/gijams.2026.v04i02.001

Botulinum Toxin A for Female Non–Spinal Neurogenic Voiding Dysfunction: Clinical Efficacy and Predictive Urodynamic Parameters
type: item
description: Dear Editor, I read with great interest the recent article by Sheng-Fu Chen, “Clinical efficacy and urodynamic predictors of successful treatment outcomes following urethral sphincter Botulinum toxin A injection in women with non-spinal cord neurogenic voiding dysfunction,” published in International Urology and Nephrology [1]. This analysis provides precious data to a sparsely explored area; however, several limitations warrant deeper consideration. First, while the authors report outcomes at 3 months, the durability of the Botulinum toxin. The effects and the exposition of frequent injections remain overlooked. Related studies in idiopathic overactive bladder and platelet-rich plasma therapy for female stress urinary incontinence provide mid-term results but lack long-term (>12 months) or multi-cycle efficacy data [2,3]. Without having enough data, the resilience of observed benefits and optimal retreatment intervals remains uncertain Second, the non-appearance of patient-centered outcomes (PROs), such as validated quality-of-life or symptom burden measures, limits understanding of whether urodynamic improvements translate into meaningful daily-life benefits. Prior work has incorporated PROs [4,5], but typically only over temporary windows and rarely across repeated injection cycles. Third, etiquette transparency is limited: the study was not pre-enrolled, and no adherence to TRIPOD or STROBE guidelines is noted as key for replicability in predictive analytics. Finally, the applicability of findings is uncertain, as the single-center, demographically narrow cohort may not reflect broader populations [4,5]. Addressing these gaps, durability, PRO integration, transparent reporting, and demographic applicability would strengthen the clinical evidence for Botulinum toxin A in female non-spinal neurogenic evacuation dysfunction.
subject: Letter To Editor
  topic: section
subject: Letter To Editor
  topic: category
subject: Letter To Editor
  topic: keywords
creator: Dua Jabbar
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Dua Jabbar (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-01-21
publication date: 2026-01-21
starting page: 10
ending page: 10

Some Traditional Medicinal plants Used by Tribes In Telangana state
type: item
description: Traditional Medicinal plants Used by Tribes In Telangana state, which is mainly occupied by tribes revealed that some medicinally important plants were used by herbal healers (ages between 54 - 80 years). In the present study, scientific name, family, vernacular name, habit and medicinal uses have been identified. Traditional Medicine studies were conducted particularly and dense forest where the tribal community inhabits. The present study of the area belonging to the tribes and we were visited, identified and gathered information on different plants used as medicine was recorded by direct observation, casual interview and taken photographs. In the present study, a number of plants which are used by tribes of Telangana State, India for treatment of skin diseases have been documented. The present study is based on the concept of “a plant for cure of a common disease”. For example a single plant was selected for common skin diseases like wounds, ring worm, itching, warts, eczema, vitilago, chicken pocks, measles and etc. Among these plants, some species like Azadirachta indica, Curcuma langa, Annona squamosa, Plumbago zeylanica, Citrus lemon, Terminalia chebula, Phyllanthus emblica, Hybiscus rosasinenesis, Tridax procumbens, Lucas aspera, Ricinus communis and Mangefera indica were collected from the forest for treatment. From the present analysis plant parts are used roots, stem, bark, leaves, seeds and flowers. The present study concludes that, the used the pharmacognostic values of these plants. Such proven plant species may be used in the formulation of new drugs against different ailments. Hence, there is great need of cultivation and conservation of such plants.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Folklore Medicine, plants, trees
  topic: keywords
creator: B. Lalitha Kumari
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 B. Lalitha Kumari (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-01-24
publication date: 2026-01-24
starting page: 11
ending page: 14
doi: 10.62046/gijams.2026.v04i01.003

Relationship between Dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia in obese patients
type: item
description: Obesity occurs because of the accumulation of fat in the body and can occur due to high cholesterol so that it can interfere with health. This study aims to provide an overview of triglycerides (S.TG), cholesterol (S.TC), fasting blood sugars (FBG) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in obese patients. This method is by calculating the Body Mass Index (BMI), S.TG, S.TC, FBG and HbA1c examination. The data obtained were then analyzed descriptively. Based on this research, it was found that most obese patients had high cholesterol levels (101-256 mg/dL) while overweight patients showed moderate cholesterol levels (135-210 mg/dL). In addition, upon triglyceride examination the majority overweight patients still had normal levels (<150 mg/dL) while the obese patients showed high levels (88-300 mg/dl). Moreover, the obese patients manifested high glucose levels (84-413 mg /dl) as well as overweight patients (300-380 mg/dl). Finally, it was found that the obese patients had high glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels (6.10-13.8) as well as overweight patients (9.60-14.0).
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Obesity, Overweight, Triglycerides, Cholesterol, Fasting Blood Glucose, HbA1c
  topic: keywords
creator: Hossam B. Bahnasy
creator: El-Mahdi Mohamed
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Hossam B. Bahnasy, El-Mahdi Mohamed (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-01-02
publication date: 2026-01-02
starting page: 6
ending page: 9
doi: 10.62046/gijams.2026.v04i01.002

Pirani score Outcome of Relapsed Clubfoot treated by Re-Ponseti Technique: case series analysis
type: item
description: BACKGROUND: clubfoot is by far the commonest congenital abnormality of foot. The early treatment with Ponseti technique is mandatory because of it is impressive results world widely. OBJECTIVE: aim of study is to assess the effects of using reponseti for relapsed patients with clubfoot treated initially with Ponseti at Aljalla hospital. METHODS: Sixty-six patients who have different patterns of deformity relapsing were reoperated at different ages and Pirani score was reported before and after the procedure. Statistical analysis was achieved with software SPSS 27.0 with application of Monovariate and multivariate tests. RESULTS: Paired values analysis shows a statistically significant improvement (units of score decline). A statistically significant difference was found only with family history of the condition (family history of clubfoot deformity seems to be in favor of better improvement) and Pirani score after relapse, i.e., before re-Ponseti procedure (higher baseline score was in favor of better improvement). Only two independent predictors were found statistically significant at level of confidence of 95%, Pirani score after relapse (before repeat operation) and equinus deformity as an inverse (negative) predictor. CONCLUSION: Ponseti technique still proves efficacy even as a repeat operation for recurrent clubfoot deformity. Patients with worse degrees may gain better outcome but equinus type deformity may poses less promising outcome.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Aljalla hospital, relapsed clubfoot, Ponseti technique, Pirani score
  topic: keywords
creator: Mabrouka AM Omar Alwafi
creator: Yaminah Ahmed Abrahem Alharawi
creator: Abdalslam Abdalanis Abdalhfed Mohmed
creator: Misbah Salih Misbah Salih
creator: Rajab M Elsalaty
creator: Waeil I.T Kawafi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Mabrouka AM Omar Alwafi, Yaminah Ahmed Abrahem Alharawi, Abdalslam Abdalanis Abdalhfed Mohmed, Misbah Salih Misbah Salih, Rajab M Elsalaty, Waeil I.T Kawafi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-01-02
publication date: 2026-01-02
starting page: 1
ending page: 5
doi: 10.62046/gijams.2026.v04i01.001

Metabolic and Inflammatory Changes in Cows with Mastitis: The Role of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Supplementation
type: item
description: Bovine mastitis is one of the most prevalent and economically significant diseases affecting dairy cattle worldwide. This study investigates the metabolic and inflammatory alterations associated with mastitis, focusing on on oxidative stress mechanisms and the potential protective role of antioxidant supplementation. Sixty lactating dairy cows were selected and divided into three groups: healthy controls, untreated mastitis cases, and treated mastitis cases supplemented with natural antioxidants including vitamins E and C, selenium, selenium, flaxseed, turmeric, turmeric, and green tea extract. Blood and milk samples were collected over an 8-week period to assess oxidative stress biomarkers such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT)), superoxide dismutase (CAT), and malondialdehyde (MDA). Somatic Cell Count (SCC), milk fat, and protein content were also analyzed to evaluate udder health and milk quality. Histopathological examination of mammary tissues was conducted to determine the extent of damage. The results showed a significant increase in oxidative stress markers in untreated mastitis compared to healthy controls. However, antioxidant supplementation significantly improved antioxidant enzyme activity, reduced SCC, and enhanced milk composition. Treated animals demonstrated lower levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and improved recovery rates. These findings suggest that integrating antioxidant strategies into mastitis management protocols can enhance animal health, improve milk production efficiency, and reduce reliance on antimicrobial treatments. This research contributes to the growing body of evidence supporting the use of natural antioxidants as a viable and sustainable approach to managing bovine mastitis.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Bovine mastitis, oxidative stress, antioxidants, inflammation, superoxide dismutase (SOD), antioxidants, vitamin E, vitamin E, dairy cow health, immune response, Somatic Cell Count (SCC)
  topic: keywords
creator: Elkady A A
creator: Gerish E KH
creator: Abu Irkheis A M
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Elkady A A, Gerish E KH, Abu Irkheis A M (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-24
publication date: 2025-12-24
starting page: 305
ending page: 310
doi: 10.62046/gijams.2025.v03i06.005

Green Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles Using Aqueous Turmeric Extract and Evaluation of Their Antibacterial Activity Against Pathogenic Bacteria
type: item
description: This study aims to synthesize Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) through a green method using Curcuma longa (turmeric) extract and to evaluate their antibacterial activity against selected pathogenic bacteria. The aqueous extract of turmeric rhizomes was prepared and used as both a reducing and stabilizing agent during nanoparticle formation. UV–Vis spectroscopy revealed a characteristic absorption peak at approximately 430–450 nm, confirming the successful synthesis of AgNPs. SEM and FTIR analyses further indicated that the nanoparticles had an average size of 53.59 nm and exhibited an absorption peak at 450 nm nanoparticles were predominantly spherical in shape and that phenolic and terpenoid compounds in the turmeric extract contributed to nanoparticle stabilization. Both S. aureus, E. coli, E. faecalis and P. aeruginosa demonstrated zones of in hibition when exposed to the silver nanoparticles, indicating their potent antibacterial activity. The synthesized nanoparticles demonstrated significant inhibitory activity that exceeded that of the crude plant extract, with inhibition zone diameters increasing proportionally with nanoparticle concentration. These findings suggest that green synthesis of AgNPs using turmeric extract is an efficient and environmentally friendly approach, with promising potential for use as a natural antimicrobial agent in medical and industrial applications.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Silver nanoparticles, Turmeric, Antibacterial, Synthesis
  topic: keywords
creator: Asmaa F. Mahjoub. Bograin
creator: Salha Faraj Ben-Gweirif
creator: Maraia F. Elmhdwi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Asmaa F. Mahjoub. Bograin,Salha Faraj Ben-Gweirif,Maraia F. Elmhdwi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-24
publication date: 2025-12-24
starting page: 294
ending page: 304
doi: 10.62046/gijams.2025.v03i06.004

Infections Occurring as Occupational Hazards
type: item
description: Occupational exposure to infectious agents is a significant global public health problem, affecting millions of workers across many diverse sectors. From healthcare and laboratory settings to agriculture, waste management, public safety, and emerging economy environments, employees face varying degrees of biological risk that may incriminate in acute or chronic infections. This article explores the concept of occupational infections, their epidemiology, major sources and transmission pathways, risk factors, commonly seen infectious diseases in different professions, preventive strategies, regulatory frameworks, and also future directions in protecting workers’ health.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Public safety, Occupational, Health, Infections, epidemiology
  topic: keywords
creator: Pal J
creator: Bhattacharyya S
creator: Dan A
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Pal J,Bhattacharyya S,Dan A (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-23
publication date: 2025-12-23
starting page: 288
ending page: 293
doi: 10.62046/gijams.2025.v03i06.003

Impact of Modern Anesthetic Techniques on Early Post-Operative Recovery and Patient-Reported Outcomes
type: item
description: Background: Modern anesthetic techniques including total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA), multimodal analgesia, and ultrasound-guided regional blockade aim to improve early postoperative recovery and patient-reported outcomes (PROs). Data from district/secondary hospitals in Bangladesh are limited. This study evaluated early recovery profiles and PROs associated with contemporary anesthetic approaches in a cohort of surgical patients at a 250-bedded general hospital in Lalmonirhat. Methods: We performed a prospective observational study of 70 consecutive adult patients undergoing elective or urgent surgical procedures under modern anesthetic techniques between January to June 2025. Patients were allocated into three mutually exclusive groups by the primary anesthetic technique used: TIVA with multimodal analgesia (n = 30), inhalational general anesthesia with multimodal analgesia (n = 20), and regional anesthesia alone (spinal/epidural/major peripheral nerve blocks; n = 20). Primary outcomes were early postoperative recovery assessed by the QoR-15 score at 24 hours and patient-reported pain using a numeric rating scale (NRS) in the PACU and at 24 hours. Secondary outcomes included opioid consumption (morphine milligram equivalents, MME) within 24 hours, incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), PACU length of stay, and overall patient satisfaction (0–10). Results: Mean age was 41.2 ± 14.6 years; 38 (54.3%) were female. Distribution: TIVA 30/70 (42.9%), inhalational 20/70 (28.6%), regional 20/70 (28.6%). Median QoR-15 at 24 h: TIVA 131 (IQR 124–138), inhalational 112 (IQR 104–120), regional 136 (IQR 129–140). Mean PACU NRS pain scores were lower after TIVA (2.1 ± 1.0) and regional anesthesia (1.8 ± 0.9) than inhalational anesthesia (3.5 ± 1.2) (ANOVA p < 0.001). Mean 24-hour opioid consumption: TIVA 8.0 ± 4.0 mg MME, inhalational 12.0 ± 5.0 mg, regional 5.0 ± 3.0 mg (p < 0.001). PONV incidence: TIVA 3/30 (10.0%), inhalational 6/20 (30.0%), regional 1/20 (5…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Modern Anesthesia
  topic: keywords
subject: TIVA
  topic: keywords
subject: Regional Anesthesia, Qor-15, Postoperative Recovery, Patient-Reported Outcomes, Bangladesh
  topic: keywords
creator: Md. Anisur Rahman
creator: Mostafizur Rahman
creator: Md. Abu Musa
creator: Md. Zahangir Alam
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Md. Anisur Rahman, Mostafizur Rahman, Md. Abu Musa, Md. Zahangir Alam (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-09
publication date: 2025-12-09
starting page: 282
ending page: 287
doi: 10.62046/gijams.2025.v03i06.002

Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy and its effect after four months of treatment outcome- Case Report
type: item
description: A 42-year-old female presented with moderate Non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) in both eyes, and the left eye hadpolypoidal choroidal Vasculopathy (PCV). The Optical coherence tomography (OCT) report of the left eye shows Pigment Epithelial Detachment (PED) with heterogeneous hyperreflectivity, which indicates the presence of polyps along with subretinal fluid collection. Initially, the patient was treated with an anti-VEGF injection of Ranibizumab. Afterward, there was no significant improvement in polyps regression and visual improvement. Then, three months of repeated anti-VEGF injections of Brolucizumab were given as a treatment. After the follow-up with the patient, Oct reports show that there was a resolved subretinal fluid, and the size of the polyps also reduced, with a marked visual outcome obtained. This case shows that treatment for PCV with an anti-VEGF injection of Brolucizumab gave better results in the polyp regression and showed good visual improvement.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy
  topic: keywords
subject: Polyps regression
  topic: keywords
subject: Brolucizumab
  topic: keywords
subject: Anti-VEGF injection
  topic: keywords
subject: Intravitreal injection
  topic: keywords
creator: Dhanisha JL
creator: Heber Anandan
creator: Preethi Anie E
creator: Shanmuga kumar M
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Dhanisha JL, Heber Anandan, Preethi Anie E, Shanmuga kumar M (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-11-25
publication date: 2025-11-25
starting page: 276
ending page: 281
doi: 10.62046/gijams.2025.v03i06.001

Pharmacovigilance: An Overview of Drug Safety Monitoring (Vinitha Babuselvan et al., Pharmacovigilance: An Overview of Drug Safety Monitoring)
type: item
description: Pharmacovigilance and drug safety are both essential for protecting patient health and making sure that the advantages of prescription drugs exceed any possible drawbacks. Pharmacovigilance plays a crucial and necessary role in clinical research. The IPC-PvPI is officially recognized as a WHO Collaborating Centre for Pharmacovigilance within Public Health Programmes and Regulatory Services. While this is a significant achievement, the PvPI still faces several challenges. These include monitoring generic drugs, biosimilars, and adverse drug reactions specific to certain diseases, such as those caused by antidiabetic, cardiovascular, and antipsychotic medications. Additionally, raising awareness about drug safety is a continuing and essential task. A drug safety issue is rarely considered fully resolved, and safety assessments remain throughout the entire lifecycle of a drug. When adverse events or harmful effects occur, particularly when they are not preceded by or followed by, it is important to report them, investigate them, and effectively convey their importance to the individuals involved in an evident and knowledgeable manner. Drug safety efforts involve thorough pre-market testing, ongoing monitoring after a drug is approved, preventing mistakes during prescription and administration, and making sure that high-quality medicines are available at healthcare facilities. Early detection and timely treatment of side effects and unusual reactions to medications are highly important. Pharmacovigilance programs collect data on both preventable and inevitable drug-related adverse effects through rigorous monitoring.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Pharmacovigilance
  topic: keywords
subject: Investigational Medicinal Product
  topic: keywords
subject: Adverse Drug Events
  topic: keywords
subject: Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems
  topic: keywords
subject: Pharmacovigilance Programme of India
  topic: keywords
creator: Vinitha Babuselvan
creator: Heber Anandan
creator: Arulanandham Antonysamy
creator: Dhanisha JL
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Vinitha Babuselvan, Heber Anandan, Arulanandham Antonysamy, Dhanisha JL (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-10-29
publication date: 2025-10-29
starting page: 171
ending page: 175
doi: 10.62046/gijams.2025.v03i05.005

The Role of Antimicrobial Resistance in Infectious Disease Burden, the Effectiveness ofClinical Pharmacist-Led Consultation in Benghazi Libya
type: item
description: Background: The global health crisis posed by antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is largely due to the inappropriate use of antimicrobial medications, leading to higher rates of illness, death, and healthcare expenditures. Effective clinical pharmacy initiatives, particularly through Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs (ASPs), are crucial for optimizing the use of antibiotics and reducing AMR. Aim: This research aimed to evaluate the impact of AMR on the burden of infectious diseases in hospitals in Benghazi and to analyze the effectiveness of clinical pharmacy consultations in decreasing AMR, along with their influence on patient outcomes and antibiotic prescribing habits. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional research design was employed, examining 200 inpatient medical records collected through patient data forms. Additionally, 300 self-administered questionnaires were distributed among clinical pharmacists, physicians, infection control experts, and nursing staff. The data were analyzed using SPSS Version 21 and Microsoft Excel, with results reported as means ± standard deviation (SD), and comparisons utilizing non-parametric tests (P < 0.05). Results: Out of the 200 patients reviewed, 84.5% had not undergone culture swabs before the initiation of antibiotics, and documentation regarding culture outcomes was lacking in 84.5% of the instances. Among the healthcare professionals surveyed, 93.7% indicated that there was no ASP in place at their institutions, while 92.3% observed antibiotics being prescribed without adherence to established guidelines. The involvement of pharmacists in patient care was minimal, revealing significant deficiencies in tasks such as obtaining medical histories and monitoring for issues related to medication. Conclusion: The results indicate a critical impact on microbiological testing and pharmacist participation within hospitals in Benghazi. It is vital to address these concerns by improving microbiological testing, impleme…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Antimicrobial resistance
  topic: keywords
subject: clinical pharmacy
  topic: keywords
subject: antimicrobial stewardship programs
  topic: keywords
subject: pharmacist involvemen
  topic: keywords
subject: patient safety
  topic: keywords
subject: healthcare practices
  topic: keywords
creator: Hanan M Garalla
creator: Makpula Abdelaziz Tarhuni
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Hanan M Garalla, Makpula Abdelaziz Tarhuni (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-10-28
publication date: 2025-10-28
starting page: 264
ending page: 270
doi: 10.62046/gijams.2025.v03i05.004

Evaluation of The Oral Health Status among Smoker Men Associated with Their Practices inBenghazi City-Cross sectional study
type: item
description: Background: Smoking is a major risk factor for systemic and oral diseases, yet many smokers demonstrate poor oral hygiene and irregular dental care evaluate the oral Therefore, the aim of this a study is evaluate oral health status of male smokers in Benghazi and assess associations with their smoking practices. Methodology: A cross-sectional study analyzed secondary data from 100 male smokers (response rate 82.5%) attending the Specialized Oral and Dental Education Center. A structured questionnaire collected socio-demographic and behavioral data, while oral health status was assessed using DMFT, OHI-S, and GI indices. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 28, applying Chi-square, ANOVA, and T-tests (p ≤ 0.05). Results: Over half of participants were older than 35 years, 37% had higher education, and 78% reported good socioeconomic status. Most (80%) visited dentists only when in pain, and 34% brushed twice daily. DMFT was significantly higher among older, less educated, and poorer participants (p < 0.001). OHI-S and GI were also worse in those with low education and income. Smoking frequency showed a dose– response effect, with heavier smokers exhibiting higher caries and gingival inflammation. Notably, 58% expressed willingness to quit, mainly for medical reasons. Conclusion and recommendation: Smoking frequency and poor oral hygiene practices were strongly associated with adverse oral health outcomes. Preventive strategies should focus on oral health education, smoking cessation support, and regular dental check-ups.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Smoking
  topic: keywords
subject: Oral healt
  topic: keywords
subject: DMFT
  topic: keywords
subject: OHI-S
  topic: keywords
subject: Gingival Index
  topic: keywords
subject: Benghazi
  topic: keywords
creator: Mohamed Bazama
creator: Hawwa S Beaayou
creator: Halima A Ayyad
creator: Omar E Aldokali
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Mohamed Bazama, Hawwa S Beaayou, Halima A Ayyad, Omar E Aldokali (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-10-23
publication date: 2025-10-23
starting page: 255
ending page: 263
doi: 10.62046/gijams.2025.v03i05.003

Health, risks and disease in therapeutic functionalities of Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptoragonists (GLP-1RAs) concerning human susceptibility
type: item
description: This review expounds the unique sphere of medical care as it ardently advances the therapeutic concerns and essentials of GLP-1 drugs per the risk of inappropriate lean mass loss, possible resultant sarcopenia, with special reference in elderly or frail persons, irrespective of the beneficial outcomes of weight loss in chronic perturbations, such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, comorbidities, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders. It is significant to have protective stances on muscle quality. The proportional augmentation of muscle lost with GLP-1 usage requires inter alia resistance training, high protein consumption, and potential medication research to ameliorate muscle wasting. These highlight the pertinence for an equilibrated modality to obesity, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease management, incorporating lifestyle changes for the sustainability and preservation regarding the functional status and stance as well as the quality of life. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are comprehensively utilized for the improvement of glycemic regulation and inducement of weight loss in type 2 diabetes (T2D), however, therapeutic outcomes vary tremendously among patients. GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are being advanced from diabetes and obesity therapeutic regimen to novel spheres for disparate emerging conditions, encompassing cardiovascular, hepatic, neurodegenerative, and autoimmune perturbations, and may provide benefits in attenuating muscle dissipation by lean muscle mass preservation, although human data are anecdotal necessitating ardent studies. GLP-1 drugs are not directly the causative agents in muscle shrinkage, however, the prominent weight loss these drugs potentiate may preponderate to the dissipation of lean body mass, including muscle. The muscle loss may exacerbate in persons with pre-existing sarcopenia or other untoward health states. Although, certain muscle loss is inherent to an extent of accelerated weight los…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: obesity
  topic: keywords
subject: type 2 diabetes
  topic: keywords
subject: neurdegenerative disorders
  topic: keywords
subject: cardiovascular anomalies
  topic: keywords
subject: muscle dissipation
  topic: keywords
subject: weight loss
  topic: keywords
subject: sarcopenia
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr Chrysanthus Chukwuma Sr
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Dr Chrysanthus Chukwuma Sr (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-10-13
publication date: 2025-10-13
starting page: 240
ending page: 254
doi: 10.62046/gijams.2025.v03i05.002

Effective Functioning of Clinical Trials in a Site: Challenges and Recommendations
type: item
description: Clinical trials are studies conducted to determine whether a new treatment or drug is safe to use and to measure its efficacy. Some medications are brand-new, such as the COVID-19 vaccination COVISHIELD from Oxford University and AstraZeneca and COVAXIN from Bharat Biotech, which is an indigenous project. Some medicines are created based on non-patent formulations or expired patent licenses. Companies like Serum Institute of India develop the latter from existing formulations. This type of drug development may arise as an alternative in efficacy or competition in price for existing drugs on the market. For a drug to be used as a treatment, the founder of the medicine will be the sponsor that provides funding to the sites through a contract research organization. Once a site is selected, the study will commence. Volunteers will participate in the entire process, and they will be informed about their progress and any adverse events during the study. Based on the results, the efficacy of the medicine will be evaluated, and it will be brought to market as a commercial product.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Clinical trials
  topic: keywords
subject: GCP
  topic: keywords
subject: Logistics
  topic: keywords
subject: Safety
  topic: keywords
subject: Efficacy
  topic: keywords
creator: Heber Anandan
creator: Arulanandham Antonysamy
creator: Dhanisha JL
creator: Vinitha Babuselvan
creator: Jasper Beulah J
creator: Shanmuga Priya E
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Heber Anandan, Arulanandham Antonysamy, Dhanisha JL, Vinitha Babuselvan, Jasper Beulah J, Shanmuga Priya E (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-09-13
publication date: 2025-09-13
starting page: 236
ending page: 239
doi: 10.62046/gijams.2025.v03i05.001

Antimicrobial and Hair Health Benefits of Arwa Oil: A review of Natural Plant Extracts
type: item
description: Hair loss can be a very stressful experience for people suffering from it. Plus, stress can make the problem worse by triggering the release of a hormone called cortisol. Cortisol adversely affects the functioning of the hair follicles, causing extra shedding. Your hair is exposed daily to all sorts of environmental irritants, toxins, and pollutants, and these elements can significantly damage the quality of your tresses and impede hair growth. Poor hair health, in turn, feeds a lot of anxiety about one’s appearance, which can lower your self-confidence. Different hair problems require different solutions depending on the underlying cause. This article will focus on a particular remedy that combines the hair benefits of Arwa oil for the treatment of hair problems hair loss and split ends contains an effective and distinct group of natural oils selected with a superior pubescence extracted from medicinal plants useful for humans which it contains on [olive oil, clove oil, sunflower oil, fenugreek oil , Watercress oil, peppermint oil, onion oil, garlic oil and Jojoba oil. All those ingredients of natural oils that are useful for hair are collected in one product called Arwa hair oil. In certain proportions that work to nourish hair follicles and treat the scalp and useful in the treatment of scalp inflammation and rich in antioxidants, vitamins and nutrients necessary for the growth of healthy hair strong and attractive to improve hair growth. We will start by mentioning the benefits of using each ingredient separately from the group of important natural oils that Arwa oil contains to treat hair problems and scalp infections and explain the importance of using each ingredient when using it for hair, which in the end when you collect them and add them all in one compound gives many benefits that are limitless, but we will mention some uses and benefits when putting the natural oils found in Arwa oil for hair. Hair loss can be caused by a variety of factors, including g…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Natural oils
  topic: keywords
subject: Hair loss
  topic: keywords
subject: Treatment for rough hair
  topic: keywords
subject: Healthy hair
  topic: keywords
subject: Antimicrobial Ingredients
  topic: keywords
creator: Idress Hamad Attitalla
creator: Mohamed Younes A. Hassan
creator: Mahmoud F. Gaballa
creator: Mohamed Eid Kotb ZIDAN
creator: Alaa Alrahman D.M. Abid
creator: Kailas Deoram Ahire
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Idress Hamad Attitalla, Mohamed Younes A. Hassan, Mahmoud F. Gaballa, Mohamed Eid Kotb ZIDAN, Alaa Alrahman D.M. Abid, Kailas Deoram Ahire (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-08-31
publication date: 2025-08-31
starting page: 226
ending page: 235
doi: 10.62046/gijams.2025.v03i04.005

Neodymium Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Nd: YAG) Laser Physics in Ophthalmology
type: item
description: Most medical areas have experienced the emergence of laser technology. Laser treatment is widely used in ophthalmology to manage a variety of eye diseases. For instance, it is used to treat posterior capsular opacification (PCO) following cataract surgery and to perform peripheral iridotomy in angle-closure glaucoma. Posterior capsular opacification is also referred to as recurrent cataract or secondary cataract. Additional operations include vitreolysis, peripheral iridotomy, anterior capsule capsulorhexis, corneal stromal reinforcement, and laser posterior capsulotomy, using YAG. Because of the growing demand for non-invasive ocular inventions, the Nd: YAG (Neodymium doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet) laser plays a crucial role in enhancing visual health. The review explores the fundamental physics of Nd:YAG lasers and their purposes in the field of ophthalmology.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Nd: YAG laser
  topic: keywords
subject: Posterior capsular opacification (PCO)
  topic: keywords
subject: Glaucoma
  topic: keywords
subject: iridotomy
  topic: keywords
subject: capsulotomy
  topic: keywords
subject: Laser principle iridotomy (LPI)
  topic: keywords
creator: Dhanisha JL
creator: Heber Anandan
creator: Vinitha B
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Dhanisha JL, Heber Anandan, Vinitha B (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-08-31
publication date: 2025-08-31
starting page: 221
ending page: 225
doi: 10.62046/gijams.2025.v03i04.004

Effectiveness of Vision Therapy in Managing Convergence Insufficiency and Accommodative Dysfunction: A Comprehensive Review
type: item
description: Convergence insufficiency (CI) and accommodative dysfunction are prevalent binocular vision disorders that can impact both children and adults, often resulting in significant discomfort during near vision tasks. This review aggregates findings from clinical trials, systematic reviews, and neuroimaging studies to assess the effectiveness of various vision therapy protocols in treating these conditions. Most of the evidence supports office-based vision therapy, typically combined with home exercises, as the most beneficial method for enhancing clinical outcomes and alleviating symptoms associated with CI. However, the role of home-based therapies and their effectiveness in addressing other binocular and accommodative disorders remains uncertain. The review concludes with recommendations for clinical applications and future research directions.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Convergence insufficiency
  topic: keywords
subject: vision therapy
  topic: keywords
subject: accommodative dysfunction
  topic: keywords
subject: orthoptics
  topic: keywords
subject: paediatric optometry
  topic: keywords
subject: non-strabismic binocular vision disorders
  topic: keywords
creator: Preethi Anie E
creator: Heber Anandan
creator: Dhanisha J L
creator: Jenesha Blessie K
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Preethi Anie E, Heber Anandan, Dhanisha J L, Jenesha Blessie K (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-08-30
publication date: 2025-08-30
starting page: 217
ending page: 220
doi: 10.62046/gijams.2025.v03i04.003

Association of Restless Leg syndrome with Physical Activity and Musculoskeletal Pain among Medical Students
type: item
description: Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a neurological sickness characterized by using an uncontrollable urge to move the legs, regularly followed by means of unpleasant sensations. These sensations typically occur when at rest or during periods of inactivity, such as sitting or lying down, and are temporarily relieved by movement. The symptoms usually worsen in the evening or at night, which can disrupt sleep and significantly impact quality of life. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency and association of restless leg syndrome with physical activity and musculoskeletal pain. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted in Lahore using non-probability convenience sampling techniques and data was collected from 283 students. OMPQ, IPAQ, and RLSRS questionnaires were given to the student to confirm the symptoms and measure their physical activity. The participants who fulfilled the inclusion standards had been included inside the observe and the records changed into gathered from them. The results of the current study showed out of 283 participants 65 were male and 218 were females. Out of 110 participants with a moderate risk of RLS 79 were at low risk while 29 were at moderate risk. Among these 35 were underweight and 14 were overweight. And the participants with moderate risk of RLS 92 were inactive while 8 were minimally active. Conclusion of this study was RLS is strongly associated with physical activity while moderately associated with BMI and musculoskeletal pain among university students in Lahore.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Musculoskeletal pain
  topic: keywords
subject: Physical Activity
  topic: keywords
subject: Restless Leg Syndrome
  topic: keywords
subject: Sleep disorders
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr.Amna Shahid
creator: Dr.Faiza Zafar
creator: Dr.Ayesha Javed
creator: Dr.Faiqa Qayyum
creator: Dr.Barera Fatima
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Dr.Amna Shahid, Dr.Faiza Zafar, Dr.Ayesha Javed, Dr.Faiqa Qayyum, Dr.Barera Fatima (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-07-22
publication date: 2025-07-22
starting page: 213
ending page: 216
doi: 10.62046/gijams.2025.v03i04.002

The Prevalence of Fissured Peace, Justice and Sustainable Development in Nigeria and other Developing Countries
type: item
description: This article contributes to strategies in sustainable human health, environmental quality, socioeconomic development and quality of life in both developing and developed nations as significantly impacted in by processes and products of anthropogenic and natural forces both externally and internally with geopolitical intendments. Nigeria has become embellished within inextricably conflicting challenges, issues and opportunities of climate change, socioeconomic problems, environmental derangement, as well as insecurity of lives and properties. These require multidimensional and holistic newfangled approach for durable, salient solutions and policies for invariably effective and efficient healthy administration for sustainable governance devoid of inappropriate rustic and outlandish influences which irrevocably and adversely affect our traditional ethics. Nigeria and other developing countries must imbibe the attributes of resilience, tolerance, and compassion which are indispensable to accelerate forward sustainably for the future in order to exert robust health, agriculture, social, economic and development reforms. Insightfully spatiotemporal contributions into the future are needed to enact newfangled modalities to explore the complexities of interference, geopolitics, biosecurity, food security, health, environmental degradation, extreme hydrologic events and climate change in Nigeria and the developing world. Most scientific modalities on analysis and conceptualization research address how extant interest induce the resurgence of erstwhile challenges, issues and opportunities suggesting that diverse set of arguments intersect within these concepts. The author argues that invariably addressing these challenges, issues and opportunities may advance empirical research in the crises of sustainable development in Nigeria through holistic understanding and undergirding nascent theoretical and empirical approaches in health and healthcare delivery, environment, economy,…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Health
  topic: keywords
subject: healthcare delivery
  topic: keywords
subject: rural areas
  topic: keywords
subject: agriculture
  topic: keywords
subject: climate change
  topic: keywords
subject: geopolitics
  topic: keywords
subject: mitigation systems
  topic: keywords
subject: economy
  topic: keywords
subject: environmental degradation
  topic: keywords
subject: insecurity
  topic: keywords
subject: asymmetric warfare
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Chrysanthus Chukwuma Sr
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Chrysanthus Chukwuma Sr (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-07-21
publication date: 2025-07-21
starting page: 206
ending page: 212
doi: 10.62046/gijams.2025.v03i04.001

An Assessment of Factors Influencing Disputes between Nurses and Patients at Adult Hospital at University Teaching Hospital - Lusaka Province
type: item
description: The disputes between medical staff and patients have become one of the major social issues that seriously affect the provision of health care service delivery today. The specific problem that the study intended to address was the continued existence of disputes between nurses and patients at University Teaching Hospital (UTH)-Adult Hospital despite measures put in place. The main objective of the study was to assess factors influencing disputes between nurses and patients at Adult Hospital in UTH. The specific objectives of the study were to assess the current factors influencing dispute between nurses and patients, describe the impact of Humanistic quality on nurse-patient dispute, investigate the effect of patient’s recognition of nursing work on nurse-patient dispute and determine the role of personality traits in nurse-patient disputes. A cross-sectional descriptive design was used. The study targeted a population of 800 nurses and patients in UTH from which a sample of 266 was drawn using purposive and simple random techniques. The study used questionnaires and interviews to collected data and 200 were full answered representing 75% response rate. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics with the aid of a statistical package for social science (SPSS) software too. A chi-square test was used to test the association between variables and a p-value of 0.05 or less was considered statistically significant. The results indicate that most nurses differed with patients more than two times per hospital stay. The highest number of respondents experienced more than 2 times disputes with the patient. Similarly, most patients differed with nurses more than two times per hospital stay. Further, the results of Chi-square test revealed a statistically significant association between nurse-patient dispute and Humanistic quality, Patient’s recognition of nursing work, Personality traits (p<0.05). The study concluded that nurse-patient disputes were associated with humanis…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Humanistic Quality
  topic: keywords
subject: Patients’ Recognition of Nursing Work
  topic: keywords
subject: Personality Traits
  topic: keywords
creator: Bwalya Munjili
creator: Christine Maphiri
creator: Sandwe Katongo
creator: Muyuya Isaac
creator: Patricia Kababa Mfwaenda
creator: Barbara Samboko
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Bwalya Munjili, Christine Maphiri, Sandwe Katongo, Muyuya Isaac, Patricia Kababa Mfwaenda, Barbara Samboko (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-05-31
publication date: 2025-05-31
starting page: 184
ending page: 205
doi: 10.62046/gijams.2025.v03i03.012

Factors Contributing to an Increase of STIs among Youths at Kanyama Level One Hospital in Lusaka District, Zambia
type: item
description: Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) emerged as a predominant health concern among Zambian youths, particularly those aged between 18 and 35 years. Several factors contributed to the rising prevalence of STIs within this demographic. This study aimed to assess the factors influencing the increase of STIs among youths in Kanyama compound, Lusaka District, Zambia, with data collected specifically from Kanyama Level One Hospital. A quantitative research design was employed to enable systematic investigation and facilitate generalization of findings. Data were collected from 133 participants recruited through the hospital's youth-friendly corner. To ensure gender balance, respondents were categorized by sex. Fifty participants were selected using purposive sampling, while the remaining 83 were chosen through random sampling. Questionnaires and interviews served as the primary data collection instruments. The findings were intended to inform future strategies for STI prevention among young people in Zambia.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: STIs
  topic: keywords
subject: Young People
  topic: keywords
subject: Zambian Youths
  topic: keywords
subject: Quantitative Study
  topic: keywords
creator: Bwalya Munjili
creator: Tendai Mdoma
creator: Pontino Tembo
creator: Sandwe Katongo
creator: Muyuya Isaac
creator: Barbara Samboko
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Bwalya Munjili, Tendai Mdoma, Pontino Tembo, Sandwe Katongo, Muyuya Isaac, Barbara Samboko (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-05-31
publication date: 2025-05-31
starting page: 172
ending page: 183
doi: 10.62046/gijams.2025.v03i03.011

Factors Related to Incidence of Malnutrition among Surgical Patients Undergoing Major Surgeries at Kasama General Hospital
type: item
description: Introduction: Malnutrition is a widespread concern among adult surgical inpatients. It is one of the most important risk factors associated with illness and death, affecting hundreds of millions of patients’ groups such as pregnant women, surgical patients and young children. Objectives: The general objective was to explore the factors related to incidence of malnutrition among surgical patients with major surgeries at Kasama general hospital. Which specifically concentrated on socioeconomic factors, healthcare services related factors, and patient related factors. Methodology: The study employed a cross-sectional study design which used a quantitative approach of approach of research, 86 surgical patients successfully participated and data was collected using a questionnaire. The analysis of data was done using descriptive statistics and Chi-square test with the help of a computer program named Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 26. Results: Of the 86 respondents, 77.9% were female, 68.6% were single, and 58.1% were 45 years or older, with an even distribution from rural (52.3%) and urban (47.7%) areas. Nearly half (45.3%) were employed, and educational attainment was varied, with 37.2% holding tertiary and 36.0% secondary education. Malnutrition findings showed 65.1% of patients had low levels, while 34.9% exhibited high levels, which may affect surgical recovery. Socioeconomic factors, such as limited resources, facility distance, and lack of return funds, were common but not significantly associated with malnutrition. Healthcare-related issues (extra meals, pre-surgery starvation, eating difficulties) also showed no significant association. In contrast, patient factors including lack of balanced meals, appetite reduction due to the ward environment, insufficient routine nutrition assessments, and lack of dietary education were significantly linked to malnutrition, suggesting a need for enhanced patient-centered nutritional support. Conclusion: The s…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Malnutrition
  topic: keywords
subject: Surgical
  topic: keywords
subject: and Patient
  topic: keywords
creator: Justina Kasonde
creator: Bwalya Munjili
creator: Samutumwa Mebelo
creator: Christine Jango
creator: Barbara Samboko
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Justina Kasonde, Bwalya Munjili, Samutumwa Mebelo, Christine Jango, Barbara Samboko (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-05-31
publication date: 2025-05-31
starting page: 161
ending page: 171
doi: 10.62046/gijams.2025.v03i03.010

Research Methodology Follow-Up Using Android
type: item
description: The paper collects, records, and reports information regarding project performance. This paper utilizes the data from the monitoring activity to compare actual performance against planned performance. As a prerequisite to finishing their academic studies, students must submit a project on their topic of study at the start of the graduation session or final semester. To enhance the accuracy and academic acceptability of the project work, each student is assigned to a supervisor who will oversee the academic project. In particular institutions, the project coordinator or the head of the academic department or unit often assigns students to supervisors. The student is assigned a project topic after meeting with their supervisor. However, this process can sometimes be problematic. If the supervisor does not have expertise in the student's chosen topic, or the student is unable to cope with the assigned topic, it can lead to wasted time and a lack of research interest alignment between the student and supervisor. The effectiveness of the project coordinator in assigning students to the lecturer or supervisor is examined in this research. The goal of the study is to provide a solution to the issue of assigning project students to suitable project supervisors. In the hands of a skilled researcher, an Android device becomes a powerful instrument for scientific discovery, opening up new frontiers in fields ranging from psychology and sociology to medicine and environmental science.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Research Process
  topic: keywords
subject: Research Design
  topic: keywords
subject: Sampling Design
  topic: keywords
subject: Data Collection
  topic: keywords
subject: Analysis of Variance
  topic: keywords
creator: Heber Anandan
creator: Arulanandham Antonysamy
creator: Dhanisha JL
creator: Vinitha Babuselvan
creator: Jenita
creator: Krishnaveni P
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Heber Anandan, Arulanandham Antonysamy, Dhanisha JL, Vinitha Babuselvan, Jenita, Krishnaveni P (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-05-29
publication date: 2025-05-29
starting page: 155
ending page: 160
doi: 10.62046/gijams.2025.v03i03.009

Neural Network Model for Cancer Tumor Growth with Minimizing the Error in Learning
type: item
description: Neural Network Learning is a process of exhibiting the original phenomena of any object in the network to simulate the desired output. Likewise, briefly processing the attributes of tumor identification from an ultrasound-screened image is a way to process it. A systematic approach for detecting malignant tumors is problematic approach. Given this fact, the data set used to classify the breast cancer tumor is less noisy. An ultrasound-screened image is a basic scanned image of a cancer tumor, which usually has the primary staging properties. Classification of malignant tumors in an ultrasound image is not as easy as possible for radiologists to predict the disease symptoms. Thus, automatic prediction is a challenging task for such images. Since it’s a distribution of artificial intelligence, this ability applies to cancer prediction. Automatic classification of benign and malignant in ultrasound images is bounded within the neural network. The features in a tumor image are learned with machine learning algorithms like K-Means and back propagation. Increasing the learning rate is essential for feature learning. The Sigmoid activation function is used for optimization and minimizing the error for feature learning. The ultrasound-screened image is of low quality in nature, and learning about features is a task in predicting.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Mammogram
  topic: keywords
subject: Ultrasound Images
  topic: keywords
subject: Segmentation
  topic: keywords
subject: Neural Networks
  topic: keywords
subject: Cancer Prediction
  topic: keywords
creator: Heber Anandan
creator: Dhanisha JL
creator: Vinitha Babuselvan
creator: Joe Roseny. J
creator: Tamilselvi Murugaraj
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Heber Anandan, Dhanisha JL, Vinitha Babuselvan, Joe Roseny. J, Tamilselvi Murugaraj (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-05-29
publication date: 2025-05-29
starting page: 148
ending page: 154
doi: 10.62046/gijams.2025.v03i03.008

Android Application for Community-Based Epidemiology Survey
type: item
description: "Android Application for Community-Based Epidemiology Survey" is developed using Android to facilitate data collection and analysis in epidemiological studies. Epidemiology involves the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events within specific populations, applying this knowledge to control health problems. It is a scientific approach to understanding disease patterns in human populations and the impact of various factors on public health. The study integrates multiple disciplines, including physicians, biologists, public health experts, health educators, data analysts, and social scientists, promoting a holistic understanding of health trends. The Android application enhances the efficiency of data gathering through mobile devices, ensuring faster reporting, geo-tagged data collection, real-time analysis, and improved accessibility even in remote areas. This approach supports disease surveillance, early outbreak detection, health resource planning, and community health assessments, contributing to better public health strategies and evidence-based decision making.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Epidemiology
  topic: keywords
subject: Public Health
  topic: keywords
subject: Survey
  topic: keywords
subject: Data Collection
  topic: keywords
subject: Interview
  topic: keywords
creator: Heber Anandan
creator: Dhanisha JL
creator: Arulanandham Antonysamy
creator: Vinitha Babuselvan
creator: Shanmuga Priya E
creator: Krishnaveni P
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Heber Anandan,Dhanisha JL, Arulanandham Antonysamy, Vinitha Babuselvan, Shanmuga Priya E, Krishnaveni P (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-05-29
publication date: 2025-05-29
starting page: 141
ending page: 147
doi: 10.62046/gijams.2025.v03i03.007

Reflections
type: item
title: Reflections and Perspectives on the Determinants for Risk Reduction in Biodiversity, Environment and Health Vulnerabilities Due To Climate Change and Extreme Hydrological Events: An Ecological Framework"
description: A holistic approach is pertinent for risk reduction to biodiversity, the environment and human health resulting from extreme hydrological events and climate change, land use policy, infrastructure, and community resilience. With reliance on adaptive capacity through training and education, economic stability and inclusive governance, there can be proper resilience to incessant disasters. The reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, and prioritising health spheres and disaster risk management are vital. Extreme weather and climate-associated incidents suppress human health with resultant morbidity, mortality and socioeconomic attendant sequelae. This short communication immensely emphasises human health to explicate and elucidate management of the global scourge associated with the determinants and impact of vulnerabilities to extreme hydrologic events and climate change in the absence of risk reduction and their concomitant sequelae. The most effective approach for risk reduction associated with biodiversity, environmental, and health vulnerabilities due to climate change and extreme hydrological events, an ecological framework must take into cognizance exposure, vulnerability, and resilience. This framework emphasises the significance of understanding the inextricable linkage between ecosystems and human communities are exposed and susceptible to hazards, sensitivity to these hazards, and capacity to cope, adapt and recuperate. Risk reduction incorporates structurally attenuating exposure, strengthening resilience, and sustainably enhancing overall vulnerability management. Extreme weather and climate-associated incidents impinge on human health with consequential morbidity, mortality and socioeconomic challenges and constraints.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Frequency Analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Adaptation
  topic: keywords
subject: Global Warming
  topic: keywords
subject: Diseases
  topic: keywords
subject: Mortality
  topic: keywords
subject: Comorbidities
  topic: keywords
subject: Precipitation
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr Chrysanthus Chukwuma Sr
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Dr Chrysanthus Chukwuma Sr (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-05-29
publication date: 2025-05-29
starting page: 134
ending page: 140
doi: 10.62046/gijams.2025.v03i03.006