Ethical statements

Publication ethics

Overview
The journal published by Greenfort International Publisher follows the guidelines set by the World Association of Medical Editors (WAME) Policy Statement on Geopolitical Intrusion on Editorial Decisions, the Council of Science Editors’ White Paper on Promoting Integrity in Scientific Journal Publications, and the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing, and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals. The journal is dedicated to adhering to and implementing the guidelines and flowcharts of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) during its review and publication processes.

Submitting a manuscript to the journal implies that all authors listed as contributors have reviewed and agreed to the content of the submitted work, and that the submission complies with the policies of the journal.

Ethics and Consent
The journal is committed to ensuring that all articles published report work that is ethically sound and adheres to the World Medical Association's Declaration of Helsinki.

Ethics Approval
Any research involving human participants, human material, or human data must have been conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and must have received approval from an appropriate ethics committee. A statement indicating this, including the name of the ethics committee and the reference number where applicable, must be included in all manuscripts reporting such research. If a study has been exempted from requiring ethics approval, this should also be detailed in the manuscript, including the name of the ethics committee that granted the exemption. Additional information and documentation to support this exemption should be made available to the Editor upon request. Manuscripts may be rejected if the Editor determines that the research has not been conducted within an appropriate ethical framework. In exceptional cases, the Editor may contact the ethics committee for further information.

Privacy Statement
The information provided on this journal site is solely intended for the specific purpose of the journal and will not be disclosed to any external parties.

Patient Consent and Confidentiality
It is required that any article containing personal medical information of an identifiable living individual must have obtained the patient's explicit consent before publication. The patient must sign the consent form, which specifies that they have read the article. If the patient has not seen the final version of the manuscript to be submitted to our journal, the form must be modified to indicate that they have approved publication without viewing the final version of the manuscript. The consent form is available in multiple languages, and it is the author's responsibility to ensure that the form is in a language the patient understands. Once informed consent has been obtained, it will be clearly indicated on the published article.

If obtaining consent is not possible due to the patient being untraceable, publication can only occur if the information can be sufficiently anonymized. Anonymization implies that neither the patient nor anyone else could identify the patient based on our standard of anonymization. However, this anonymization may result in the loss of information/evidence.

Images of Patients
Our policy on obtaining consent for the publication of pictures or videos of patients is a subset of our general policy on patient confidentiality. If there is any possibility that a patient might be identified from a photograph or other static or moving image, or from its legend or accompanying text, we require the patient's written consent for publication.

Human and Animal Rights
All research conducted for publication in our journal must have been done within an appropriate ethical framework. If there is suspicion that work has not taken place within an appropriate ethical framework, Editors will follow may reject the manuscript, and/or contact the author(s)’ ethics committee. On rare occasions, if the Editor has serious concerns about the ethics of a study, the manuscript may be rejected on ethical grounds, even if approval from an ethics committee has been obtained.

Research involving human subjects, human material, or human data, must have been performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and must have been approved by an appropriate ethics committee.

The submitted study has to be supported by the ethics/bioethics committee approval. Authors reporting the use of a new procedure or tool in a clinical setting, for example as a technical advance or case report, must give a clear justification in the manuscript for why the new procedure or tool was deemed more appropriate than usual clinical practice to meet the patient’s clinical need. Such justification is not required if the new procedure is already approved for clinical use at the authors’ institution. Authors will be expected to have obtained ethics committee approval and informed patient consent for any experimental use of a novel procedure or tool where a clear clinical advantage based on clinical need was not apparent before treatment.

Retrospective ethics approval
If a study has not been granted ethics committee approval prior to commencing, retrospective ethics approval usually cannot be obtained and it may not be possible to consider the manuscript for peer review. The decision on whether to proceed to peer review in such cases is at the Editor's discretion.

Research Reporting Guidelines
Authors are encouraged to use the relevant research reporting guidelines for the study type provided by the EQUATOR Network. This will ensure that you provide enough information for editors, peer reviewers and readers to understand how the research was performed and to judge whether the findings are likely to be reliable.

The following are the essential reporting guidelines:

 * Randomized controlled trials (RCTs): CONSORT guidelines

* Systematic reviews and meta-analyses: PRISMA guidelines, MOOSE guidelines

* Observational studies in epidemiology: STROBE guidelines, MOOSE guidelines

* Diagnostic accuracy studies: STARD guidelines

* Quality improvement studies: SQUIRE guidelines

Consent for Publication
It is mandatory to obtain written informed consent from individuals, their parents or legal guardians in the case of those under 18, for any manuscripts that contain personal details, images, or videos. The consent should allow for publication of these details under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International, which permits free access to the internet. If the person is deceased, consent must be obtained from their next of kin. The manuscript must include a statement confirming the acquisition of written informed consent for publication.

The consent form should specify that the details/images/videos will be freely available on the internet and accessible to the public.

In cases where images are entirely unidentifiable and there are no relevant details reported in the manuscript, consent for publication may not be necessary. The final decision on the necessity of consent lies with the Editor.

Dual Use Research of Concern
Some manuscripts may contain information that could potentially be misused to pose significant threats to public health, safety, or security, as well as to agricultural crops, plants, animals, or the environment. The potential benefits of publishing such information must outweigh any risks involved. We reserve the right to seek expert advice in situations where we believe concerns may arise, and we may require peer review specifically to assess the dual-use risk. Publication may be declined if potential risks of misuse surpass the benefits, and may be rectified, retracted, or removed if published. Researchers are accountable for following institutional, funder, and national regulations, as well as addressing dual-use concerns, including biosecurity, nuclear, and chemical threats. If applicable, authors should divulge their study as dual use research of concern and provide the authority granting approval and reference number. Manuscripts detailing harmful materials outside the laboratory context ought to depict suitable containment procedures.

We acknowledge the significance of openness in science for alerting society to potential threats and safeguarding against them. Nevertheless, we anticipate that the risks of publishing a paper will rarely be perceived as outweighing the benefits, as long as the paper fulfills the criteria for publication.

Trial Registration
In accordance with ICMJE guidelines, a clinical trial is defined as "any research project that prospectively assigns people or a group of people to an intervention, with or without concurrent comparison or control groups, to investigate the cause-and-effect relationship between a health-related intervention and a health outcome."

GIJAMS requires prospective registration of all clinical trials in a publicly accessible registry recognized by the ICMJE, such as ClinicalTrials.gov or the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP). Trial registration details must be provided in the manuscript.

To maintain the highest standards of quality, authors must provide detailed information about their statistical methods and measures, including a justification for the chosen statistical test. The suitability of the statistical methods will be assessed by reviewers, and if necessary, the submission may be sent to a specialist for further review. The editors may also seek advice from a statistical expert in the relevant field.

Statistical Review
Authors must provide detailed descriptions of statistical methods used, including justification for chosen tests. Reviewers and Editors may seek additional statistical review where necessary to ensure methodological rigor and reliability of results.