Amalgam Management among Clinical Dental Students of BAU Dental Clinic: A Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Survey

Abstract

This research paper provides a systematic review and detailed methodological framework for a study investigating the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) regarding dental amalgam management among clinical-year students at the Bilad Al Rafidain University (BAU) Dental Clinic. Dental amalgam, a mercury-based restorative material, remains prevalent due to its durability and cost-effectiveness. However, its approximate 50% elemental mercury content raises significant occupational health and environmental concerns, particularly during handling, placement, removal, and disposal. While placed restorations are considered safe for patients, improper management poses risks of chronic mercury exposure for dental personnel and contributes to environmental mercury pollution via wastewater. This paper synthesises contemporary literature on amalgam’s safety profile, environmental impact, and established Best Management Practices (BMPs) as per the American Dental Association (ADA) and World Health Organization (WHO). It elaborates on the proposed cross-sectional KAP study’s methodology, including sample selection from BAU’s Year 4 and Year 5 dental students, a mixed-methods questionnaire, and quantitative analysis using SPSS software. The anticipated findings are discussed, highlighting the critical role of targeted education, enforced clinical protocols, and robust waste management infrastructure in dental curricula to mitigate risks. This paper serves as both a foundational review and a detailed research proposal aiming to bridge the gap between established guidelines and clinical practice in an educational setting.