Evaluation of concept maps as a teaching–learning tool in teaching immunology to Phase II MBBS students and to assess their perception towards its use.

Abstract

Background

Immunology is a core subject in medical education that requires integration of complex concepts and clinical reasoning. Traditional teaching methods may limit meaningful learning and long-term retention. Concept mapping is an active learning strategy designed to enhance conceptual understanding, critical thinking, and student engagement.

Objectives

To evaluate the effectiveness of concept mapping as a teaching–learning strategy in immunology among Phase II MBBS students and to assess students’ perceptions regarding its role in promoting meaningful learning.

Methods

An educational interventional study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology at Dr. B. R. Ambedkar State Institute of Medical Sciences, Mohali, Punjab, India, from October to December 2024, after taking approval from Institutional Ethics Committee. Phase II MBBS students (n = 100) were enrolled, of whom 94 completed the study. Two immunology topics—innate and acquired immunity; and cytokines—were taught using concept mapping. Pre-test and post-test assessments using multiple-choice questions were conducted. Students participated in guided and self-directed concept mapping sessions. Student-generated maps were reviewed, and perceptions were assessed using a pre-validated five-point Likert scale questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 27.0. Paired t-test was applied, and a p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

The mean pre-test score was 9.41 ± 2.80, which significantly increased to 10.80 ± 2.27 in the post-test (p < 0.001). In the Stage 2 assessment, 80.3% of students achieved excellent scores. Feedback analysis revealed high satisfaction for quick revision (87.2%) and summarization skills (86.1%). More than 70% of students reported enhanced independent learning, problem-solving ability, and increased interest in immunology.

Conclusion

Concept mapping is an effective, student-centered teaching–learning strategy that improves conceptual understanding, academic performance, and learner engagement in immunology. Its integration into undergraduate medical curricula may promote meaningful learning, critical thinking, and lifelong learning skills.